A dog stands on a cobbled street at dusk in a colonial town in Cuba, between pastel pink, blue and yellow houses under a tangle of power lines.

Field Notes from the Caribbean Basin

Explore the West Indies

The West Indies arc from Florida to Venezuela, islands rich in history and complexity, revealing both resilience and fragility. These are my travel notes from across the Caribbean Basin.

Line map of the West Indies on black: the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and the arc of the Lesser Antilles down to Trinidad, with the main capitals marked.

The West Indies at a Glance

An Arc of Islands Between Two Continents

The West Indies curve some 2,500 miles from the Bahamas, off Florida, to Trinidad, off Venezuela, dividing the Atlantic Ocean from the Caribbean Sea. About 44 million people live on these islands, in thirteen independent countries and a patchwork of territories still tied to Britain, France, the Netherlands and the United States.

  • 13independent island countries
  • ~44 millionpeople
  • 72%of native seed plants found nowhere else
  • 7,000 yearssince the first people reached Trinidad

Lucayan Archipelago

Low limestone islands and cays on the shallow Bahama Banks. They sit in the Atlantic, not the Caribbean Sea.

Countries The Bahamas

Also Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.)

Greater Antilles

The four big, mountainous islands, home to most of the region’s people and most of its species found nowhere else.

Countries Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica

Also Puerto Rico (U.S.), Cayman Islands (U.K.)

Lesser Antilles

A chain of small, mostly volcanic islands curving south from the Virgin Islands to Trinidad, plus the Dutch islands off Venezuela.

Countries Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago

Also U.S. Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Montserrat (U.K.); Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Martin, Saint Barthélemy (France); Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius (Netherlands); Nueva Esparta (Venezuela)

West Indies or Caribbean?

Europeans coined West Indies to tell these islands from the East Indies, but I still like it as a name for both a geography and a shared culture. It covers the whole Caribbean Basin, including the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos out in the Atlantic. The Caribbean, strictly speaking, is the sea.

I also argue that these islands belong on lists of the birds of North America.